diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts
index 5e2d517c8c..606ab4c26e 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import { UtilityService } from '@/core/UtilityService.js';
 import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
 import { checkHttps } from '@/misc/check-https.js';
 import { IdentifiableError } from '@/misc/identifiable-error.js';
+import { isRetryableError } from '@/misc/is-retryable-error.js';
 import { getOneApId, getApId, getOneApHrefNullable, validPost, isEmoji, getApType, isApObject, isDocument, IApDocument } from '../type.js';
 import { ApLoggerService } from '../ApLoggerService.js';
 import { ApMfmService } from '../ApMfmService.js';
@@ -707,7 +708,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 					this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote "${uri}" for note "${entryUri}": ${e}`);
 				}
 
-				return (e instanceof StatusError && e.isRetryable);
+				return isRetryableError(e);
 			}
 		};
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/misc/is-retryable-error.ts b/packages/backend/src/misc/is-retryable-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bb8700c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/is-retryable-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: hazelnoot and other Sharkey contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+ */
+
+import { AbortError } from 'node-fetch';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
+import { StatusError } from '@/misc/status-error.js';
+import { IdentifiableError } from '@/misc/identifiable-error.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returns false if the provided value represents a "permanent" error that cannot be retried.
+ * Returns true if the error is retryable, unknown (as all errors are retryable by default), or not an error object.
+ */
+export function isRetryableError(e: unknown): boolean {
+	if (e instanceof StatusError) return e.isRetryable;
+	if (e instanceof IdentifiableError) return e.isRetryable;
+	if (e instanceof UnrecoverableError) return false;
+	if (e instanceof AbortError) return true;
+	if (e instanceof Error) return e.name === 'AbortError';
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/misc/is-retryable-error.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/misc/is-retryable-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..096bf64d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/misc/is-retryable-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: hazelnoot and other Sharkey contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+ */
+
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
+import { AbortError } from 'node-fetch';
+import { isRetryableError } from '@/misc/is-retryable-error.js';
+import { StatusError } from '@/misc/status-error.js';
+import { IdentifiableError } from '@/misc/identifiable-error.js';
+
+describe(isRetryableError, () => {
+	it('should return true for retryable StatusError', () => {
+		const error = new StatusError('test error', 500);
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+		expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	it('should return false for permanent StatusError', () => {
+		const error = new StatusError('test error', 400);
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+		expect(result).toBeFalsy();
+	});
+
+	it('should return true for retryable IdentifiableError', () => {
+		const error = new IdentifiableError('id', 'message', true);
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+		expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	it('should return false for permanent StatusError', () => {
+		const error = new IdentifiableError('id', 'message', false);
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+		expect(result).toBeFalsy();
+	});
+
+	it('should return false for UnrecoverableError', () => {
+		const error = new UnrecoverableError();
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+		expect(result).toBeFalsy();
+	});
+
+	it('should return true for typed AbortError', () => {
+		const error = new AbortError();
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+		expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	it('should return true for named AbortError', () => {
+		const error = new Error();
+		error.name = 'AbortError';
+
+		const result = isRetryableError(error);
+
+		expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	const nonErrorInputs = [
+		[null, 'null'],
+		[undefined, 'undefined'],
+		[0, 'number'],
+		['string', 'string'],
+		[true, 'boolean'],
+		[[], 'array'],
+		[{}, 'object'],
+	];
+	for (const [input, label] of nonErrorInputs) {
+		it(`should return true for ${label} input`, () => {
+			const result = isRetryableError(input);
+			expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+		});
+	}
+});